Japan

Back in the day (as in thousands of years ago), there were significantly less people on the face of the planet Earth.  To these much smaller populations, scattered and disconnected from each other in many cases, the concept of fertility was the essence of life itself.  More children meant that a tribe could survive and, once societies grew and became more organized, were a symbol of wealth and prosperity.  As the years went by, fertility remained important, at least until recently.